Kinetic theory of gases - Revision history

Kautz: Added reference

2026-07-17T14:18:27Z

Added reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 17 July 2026
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	==References==		==References==
	~~<s>Timmermann~~, D., ~~and Kautz, C~~.~~; [https~~://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not- Student understanding of ~~open switches and open circuits~~: ~~What do we (not) know?]~~, ~~In Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2015~~ (~~REES2015~~)~~. Dublin~~, ~~Ireland~~ (~~2015~~).~~</s>~~		Kautz,C., et al.: Student understanding of the ideal gas law, Part II: A microscopic perspective, ''American Journal of Physics 73 (11),'' 1064-1071 (2005).<br />

	~~New~~<br />
	[[Category:Decoding work]]		[[Category:Decoding work]]
	[[Category:Bottleneck]]		[[Category:Bottleneck]]

Kautz: Started with identification of bottlenecks associated with the kinetic theory

2026-07-17T14:13:13Z

Started with identification of bottlenecks associated with the kinetic theory

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 17 July 2026
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	===Identification of bottleneck===		===Identification of bottleneck===
	~~<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">CHANGE THIS CONTENT:</span>~~		There are a number of bottlenecks associated with the microscopic model of the ideal gas.

	<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"}"><s>The voltage in an open circuit is a difficult concept for many students in electrical engineering or physics courses. Often, this difficulty occurs first when voltages across open switches are considered. As there is no direct conducting path between the two terminals ("ends") of the ~~open circuit, and hence no current flows~~ between the ~~two points across~~ the ~~open circuit, it is difficult for~~ students ~~to grasp that (1)~~ the ~~concept~~ of ~~a voltage still applies~~ and (~~2) this voltage may have (and in most meaningful cases has~~) a ~~value other than zero</s>~~.~~</span>~~		One of them involves the correct relationships between the microscopic and the macroscopic quantities. While most students easily accept the association of particle kinetic energy with temperature or of the sum of kinetic and inter-particle potential energy with internal energy, understanding pressure in microscopic terms (average momentum transferred per collision with wall times particle flux incident on wall) requires a good understanding of single-particle mechanics.

	~~New~~		Another bottleneck that has been observed may be of a more fundamental nature. Students frequently ascribe the increase in temperature during an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas (for example, in a cylinder-piston system) to the increased number of collisions between gas particles. This explanation is severely flawed as collisions between particles of an ideal gas are assumed to be elastic and, furthermore, these collisions constantly happen even if no external change is made to the gas (which should result in a perpetual increase in temperature).
	===Description of mental tasks needed to overcome the bottleneck===		===Description of mental tasks needed to overcome the bottleneck===

Kautz: Entered paragraph describing what kinetic theory is or does.

2026-07-17T13:58:13Z

Entered paragraph describing what kinetic theory is or does.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 17 July 2026
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	~~<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">CHANGE THIS CONTENT:</span>~~		The kinetic theory of gases explains the behaviour of (idea) gases in terms of the motion of their constituent particles, i. e. atoms or molecules. It does so by relating the macroscopic quantities that describe a gas (such as temperature, pressure or internal energy) to the microscopic quantities associated with the particles (such as speed, momentum, kinetic energy).

	~~<span style="color: rgb~~(~~51, 51, 51~~)~~"><s>Voltage~~ in the ~~context~~ of ~~electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points~~. It ~~is defined as the amount of work done on a charge~~ by the ~~electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit~~ that ~~are not directly connected by~~ a ~~circuit element~~ (~~i.e.~~, ~~an ''open circuit''~~)~~, a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a particular instance of an open circuit.</s></span>~~

	~~<s>The voltage in open circuits has been~~ the ~~focus of a decoding interview~~ as ~~well as of extensive research on student understanding (within ''Physics Education Research'' and ''Engineering Education Research''~~).~~</s>~~

	~~<br />New~~
	==Decoding work done==		==Decoding work done==

Kautz: Changed categories.

2026-07-17T13:51:24Z

Changed categories.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:51, 17 July 2026
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	[[Category:Bottleneck]]		[[Category:Bottleneck]]
	[[Category:Physics]]		[[Category:Physics]]
	[[Category:~~Electrical~~ Engineering]]
			[[Category:Engineering Thermodynamics]]

Kautz: Started new entry

2026-07-17T13:49:43Z

Started new entry

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 17 July 2026
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	<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Voltage in the context of electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points. It is defined as the amount of work done on a charge by the electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit that are not directly connected by a circuit element (i.e., an ''open circuit''), a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a particular instance of an open circuit.</span>		<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">CHANGE THIS CONTENT:</span>

	The voltage in open circuits has been the focus of a decoding interview as well as of extensive research on student understanding (within ''Physics Education Research'' and ''Engineering Education Research''). <br /><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;"></~~span~~>		<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"><s>Voltage in the context of electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points. It is defined as the amount of work done on a charge by the electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit that are not directly connected by a circuit element (i.e., an ''open circuit''), a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a particular instance of an open circuit.</s></span>

			<s>The voltage in open circuits has been the focus of a decoding interview as well as of extensive research on student understanding (within ''Physics Education Research'' and ''Engineering Education Research'').</s>

			<br />New
	==Decoding work done==		==Decoding work done==

	===Identification of bottleneck===		===Identification of bottleneck===
	<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"}">The voltage in an open circuit is a difficult concept for many students in electrical engineering or physics courses. Often, this difficulty occurs first when voltages across open switches are considered. As there is no direct conducting path between the two terminals ("ends") of the open circuit, and hence no current flows between the two points across the open circuit, it is difficult for students to grasp that (1) the concept of a voltage still applies and (2) this voltage may have (and in most meaningful cases has) a value other than zero.</span> <span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;" class="ve-pasteProtect" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;"}"></span>		<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">CHANGE THIS CONTENT:</span>

			<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: rgb(51, 51, 51)"}"><s>The voltage in an open circuit is a difficult concept for many students in electrical engineering or physics courses. Often, this difficulty occurs first when voltages across open switches are considered. As there is no direct conducting path between the two terminals ("ends") of the open circuit, and hence no current flows between the two points across the open circuit, it is difficult for students to grasp that (1) the concept of a voltage still applies and (2) this voltage may have (and in most meaningful cases has) a value other than zero</s>.</span>

			New
	===Description of mental tasks needed to overcome the bottleneck===		===Description of mental tasks needed to overcome the bottleneck===

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	==Related scholarly work on this bottleneck==		==Related scholarly work on this bottleneck==
	Student understanding of the voltage across an open circuit (or across an open switch) has been the focus of several studies in Physics and Engineering Education Research. Much of this work has been summarized in a [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not-Know.pdf review article] by Timmermann and Kautz presented at the Research in Engineering Education Symposium in Dublin in 2015.		<s>Student understanding of the voltage across an open circuit (or across an open switch) has been the focus of several studies in Physics and Engineering Education Research. Much of this work has been summarized in a [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not-Know.pdf review article] by Timmermann and Kautz presented at the Research in Engineering Education Symposium in Dublin in 2015.</s>

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	==Researchers involved==		==Researchers involved==
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	==References==		==References==
	Timmermann, D., and Kautz, C.; [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not- Student understanding of open switches and open circuits: What do we (not) know?], In Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2015 (REES2015). Dublin, Ireland (2015).<br />		<s>Timmermann, D., and Kautz, C.; [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not- Student understanding of open switches and open circuits: What do we (not) know?], In Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2015 (REES2015). Dublin, Ireland (2015).</s>

			New<br />
	[[Category:Decoding work]]		[[Category:Decoding work]]
	[[Category:Bottleneck]]		[[Category:Bottleneck]]
	[[Category:Physics]]		[[Category:Physics]]
	[[Category:Electrical Engineering]]		[[Category:Electrical Engineering]]

Kautz: Created page with "Voltage in the context of electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points. It is defined as the amount of work done on a charge by the electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit that are not directly connected by a circuit element (i.e., an ''open circuit''), a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a pa..."

2026-07-17T13:47:21Z

Created page with "Voltage in the context of electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points. It is defined as the amount of work done on a charge by the electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit that are not directly connected by a circuit element (i.e., an ''open circuit''), a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a pa..."

New page

Voltage in the context of electric circuits is a quantity that can be associated with any (ordered) pair of points. It is defined as the amount of work done on a charge by the electric field in the circuit while it is moved from the first point to the second. Even for two points in a circuit that are not directly connected by a circuit element (i.e., an ''open circuit''), a voltage can be defined. A switch that has been opened is a particular instance of an open circuit.

The voltage in open circuits has been the focus of a decoding interview as well as of extensive research on student understanding (within ''Physics Education Research'' and ''Engineering Education Research''). <span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;">
==Decoding work done==

===Identification of bottleneck===
The voltage in an open circuit is a difficult concept for many students in electrical engineering or physics courses. Often, this difficulty occurs first when voltages across open switches are considered. As there is no direct conducting path between the two terminals ("ends") of the open circuit, and hence no current flows between the two points across the open circuit, it is difficult for students to grasp that (1) the concept of a voltage still applies and (2) this voltage may have (and in most meaningful cases has) a value other than zero. <span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;" class="ve-pasteProtect" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;"}">
===Description of mental tasks needed to overcome the bottleneck===

===Modelling the tasks===

===Practice and Feedback===

===Anticipate and lessen resistance===

===Assessment of student mastery===

===Sharing===

==Related scholarly work on this bottleneck==
Student understanding of the voltage across an open circuit (or across an open switch) has been the focus of several studies in Physics and Engineering Education Research. Much of this work has been summarized in a [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not-Know.pdf review article] by Timmermann and Kautz presented at the Research in Engineering Education Symposium in Dublin in 2015.

==Researchers involved==

==Available resources==

==See also==

==Notes==

==References==
Timmermann, D., and Kautz, C.; [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dion-Timmermann/publication/285512110_Student_Understanding_of_Open_Switches_and_Open_Circuits_What_Do_We_Not_Know/links/576289be08ae5d145f354cab/Student-Understanding-of-Open-Switches-and-Open-Circuits-What-Do-We-Not- Student understanding of open switches and open circuits: What do we (not) know?], In Research in Engineering Education Symposium 2015 (REES2015). Dublin, Ireland (2015). 
[[Category:Decoding work]]
[[Category:Bottleneck]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Electrical Engineering]]